Primary reconstruction of orbital fractures using patient-specific titanium milled implants: the Helsinki protocol

Preoperative virtual planning and the use of patient-specific implants enable exact reconstruction of orbital fractures. We present our results and experience of reconstruction of isolated orbital fractures with patient-specific implants, according to the Helsinki protocol, in 15 patients who were followed up for at least three months postoperatively. The mean (range) difference between the positions of virtually planned, and postoperative, implants was 1.9 (0.5–5.6) mm. The postoperative volume of the fractured orbit was 1.34ml less than that of the non-fractured side, but this was not clinically relevant.

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