Evaluation of the surface damage of dental implants caused by different surgical protocols: an in vitro study

The implant surface must withstand high insertion torque during implant insertion. The aim of this study was to investigate the damage to implant surfaces caused by two different insertion protocols in vitro. Fifteen titanium implants per group were inserted in standardized polyurethane foam models, group 1 according to a non-threaded surgical protocol and group 2 according to a threaded surgical protocol. Before and after insertion, the surfaces were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and non-contact laser profilometry.

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