HIV and salivary gland pathology: an update

Publication date: Available online 9 January 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Shabnum Meer

Abstract

Salivary gland disease is a common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) manifestation, with a significant increase in prevalence over the last two decades. This review summarizes contemporary knowledge of non-neoplastic salivary gland disease in HIV infection. The aim is to update and focus on those lesions almost exclusive to salivary glands in the HIV setting. These include xerostomia or salivary gland hypofunction, Sjögren's syndrome-like illness, salivary gland enlargements including benign lymphoepithelial cysts (cystic lymphoid hyperplasia), diffuse infiltrative CD8⁺ lymphocytosis syndrome and mucous extravasation phenomena, especially ranula. Many of these conditions show considerable overlap, and thus the term HIV-associated salivary gland disease is used to designate an HIV-infected person with xerostomia or salivary gland hypofunction, enlargement of one or more of the major salivary glands, or both. These manifestations may allude to HIV infection, and prompt recognition is invaluable in diagnosis and treatment of both the salivary gland disease and HIV infection.

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