Systemic lupus erythematosus with Degos disease: role of dermatoscopy in diagnosis

http://ift.tt/2qd1ZCM

The “Crumple Zone” Hypothesis: Association of Frontal Sinus Volume and Cerebral Injury after Craniofacial Trauma

Purpose: The paranasal sinuses are complex anatomical structures of unknown significance. One hypothesis theorizes that the sinuses, in the event of a traumatic injury, function as a crumple zone to distribute and absorb energy to protect the brain and other critical structures. The current study investigates the association between frontal sinus (FS) volume and the severity of cerebral insults following craniofacial trauma.Methods: All patients with FS fracture admitted to a level 1 trauma center from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.

http://ift.tt/2qccTbZ

Skull base osteomyelitis secondary to malignant otitis externa mimicking advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: MR imaging features at initial presentation

Skull base osteomyelitis (SBOM) is an inflammatory process which often arises from malignant otitis externa (MOE); the diffuse skull base and adjacent soft tissue involvement may be mistaken at initial imaging for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), especially if there is no prior knowledge of MOE, direct spread from the sphenoid sinus or in atypical presentations of MOE. This study aims to evaluate imaging features on MR that may differentiate SBOM from NPC.

http://ift.tt/2p2fhnC

Teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies for rhinoplasty

Lateral osteotomies are important during rhinoplasty and represent a challenging technique that otolaryngology and plastic surgery trainees must learn. The approaches for osteotomies are difficult to teach as they are accomplished through tactile feedback. Trends in teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies are poorly described in the literature, and this study aims to fill this knowledge gap.

http://ift.tt/2oJyoR7

Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Characterization of Intraosseous Arteriovenous Malformations of the Jaws: Analysis of 16 Cases with Emphasis on GLUT-1 Immunophenotype

Publication date: Available online 25 April 2017
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Reda Taleb, Ioannis G. Koutlas, Prokopios P. Argyris
ObjectivesIntraosseous vascular lesions of the craniofacial region are rare and may cause diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. The purpose of this study was to characterize 16 cases of intraosseous arteriovenous malformation (AVM) affecting the jaws.Study design: Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using antibodies against α-SMA, desmin, CD31, D2-40 and GLUT-1. Elastic Verhoeff-Van Gieson and Masson trichrome histochemical stains were also performed.ResultsNo gender predilection (F:M ratio = 1:1) was observed with patients' mean age being 50.8 years (SD: ± 13.9, age range: 28-71 years). Prevalence for the mandible was observed (12/16, 75%). Immunohistochemically, diffuse endothelial CD31 staining was noted, while α-SMA strongly decorated smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Desmin (+) vessels were identified in 9/16 (56.3%) AVMs. D2-40 was uniformly negative in all specimens. AVMs were negative for GLUT-1 (11/14, 78.6%) except for 2 cases (2/14, 14.3%) exhibiting focal limited cytoplasmic GLUT-1 immunoreactivity. One case was equivocal for GLUT-1. Masson trichrome highlighted smooth muscle cells, while elastic fibers were identified in thick-wall arteries.ConclusionsAVMs of the jaws generally lack expression of GLUT-1, similar to soft tissue vascular malformations. Clinico-radiographic features of intraosseous AVMs in the current study were consistent with previous reports, although mean age was higher.



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Head and neck radiotherapy may not increase gelatinase (metalloproteinase-2 and -9) expression or activity in teeth irradiated in vivo

Publication date: Available online 25 April 2017
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Wagner Gomes-Silva, Ana Carolina Prado Ribeiro, Gilberto de Castro Junior, João Victor Salvajoli, Natalia Rangel Palmier, Marcio Ajudarte Lopes, Marcelo Marques Rocha, Mario Fernando de Goes, Thais Bianca Brandão, Alan Roger Santos-Silva
ObjectivesRecent studies suggested that head and neck radiotherapy increases active forms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) leading to enamel delamination and radiation-related caries (RRC). This study aimed to assess the expression and activity of the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the DEJ and dentin-pulp complex tissues of teeth irradiated in vivo.Study designThirty-six teeth were studied including 19 irradiated and 17 non-irradiated controls. In situ zymography was used to investigate the gelatinolytic activity in the micromorphological components of enamel, DEJ, dentin-pulp complex, and caries. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on the demineralized samples to assess MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels in the DEJ, dentin-pulp complex components, and caries.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected in MMP-2 expression levels or in gelatinolytic activity (p > 0.05) between groups. Odontoblast MMP-9 expression was reduced in the irradiated group (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe study rejected the hypothesis that MMP-2 and MMP-9 would be overexpressed or more activated in the DEJ and dentin-pulp complex of irradiated teeth. Direct effects of radiation shouldn't be regarded as an independent factor for explaining RRC onset and progression.



http://ift.tt/2pg6Kfx

Neue Ansätze zur Prävention aktinischer Keratosen

Zusammenfassung

Aktinische Keratosen gehören zu den häufigsten Hautkrankheiten. Aufgrund der aktuellen demografischen Entwicklung ist von einem weiteren Häufigkeitsanstieg auszugehen. Ihrer Prävention kommt daher zunehmende Bedeutung zu. Die mit Abstand wichtigste Ursache ist die chronische, kumulative Bestrahlung der menschlichen Haut mit ultravioletter B‑ und A‑Strahlung des natürlichen Sonnenlichts. Es besteht kein Zweifel, dass die Anwendung von Sonnenschutzmitteln das Risiko, aktinische Keratosen zu entwickeln, reduzieren kann. Zudem weisen neuere Studien darauf hin, dass insbesondere für Hochrisikogruppen die regelmäßige Anwendung von Medizinprodukten, die über einen sehr hohen Lichtschutzfaktor verfügen und zudem liposomal verpackte DNS-Reparaturenzyme beinhalten, selbst bei einer bestehenden Feldkanzerisierung das Auftreten neuer aktinischer Keratosen verhindern kann. Darüber hinaus scheinen auch orale photoprotektive Strategien, wie z. B. die Einnahme von Vitamin B₃, für die Prävention aktinischer Keratosen geeignet zu sein.

http://ift.tt/2otOfqD