Laryngeal inflammatory response to smoke and vape in a murine model

Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Tu-Anh N. Ha, Matthew C. Madison, Farrah Kheradmand, Kenneth W. Altman

Abstract

Purpose

To build a murine model for tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor exposure to characterize the inflammatory and immune responses in the larynx.

Materials and methods

In this pilot study, twenty-four wild-type C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: smoke, vapor with nicotine, vapor without nicotine, and air only. Following daily exposure for 4 months, larynges were dissected and processed with cytokine detection arrays. Each laryngeal cytokine level between the four different groups was analyzed statistically by using statistical analysis software (SAS) to calculate the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

IL-4 was the only cytokine found to achieve statistically significant different levels in this study, with elevated levels of IL-4 in the tobacco smoke and vapor with nicotine groups compared to the levels found in the vapor without nicotine and air only groups (p = 0.0418). While statistically non-significant, prominent findings revealed up-regulation of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in the smoke group, but near-normal levels of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 and suppression of IL-10 in the vapor groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The potential utility of the murine model is established for studying the inflammatory and immune effects of tobacco smoke and vapor on the mammalian larynx. IL-4 levels in mice larynges were significantly elevated in the tobacco smoke and vapor with nicotine groups.

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Microdeletion 22q11.2 syndrome: Does thymus incidental surgical resection affect its immunological profile?

Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): E.M. Navarrete-Rodríguez, B.E. Del-Rio-Navarro, D.E. García-Fajardo, G.J. Baay-Guzmán, S.E. Espinosa-Padilla, E.A. Medina-Torres, N.I. Moguel-Molina, M. Sánchez-Curiel-Loyo, N. Nájera-Martínez, J. Navarro-Munguía, N. Reyes-Noriega, N.A. Balderrábano-Saucedo, R. Sánchez-Urbina, C. García Delgado, J.J.L. Sienra-Monge, V.F. Morán-Barroso

Abstract

Background

The del22q11 syndrome patients present immunological abnormalities associated to thymus alterations. Up to 75% of them present cardiopathies and thymus is frequently removed during surgery. The thymectomy per se has a deleterious effect concerning lymphocyte subpopulations, and T cell function. When compared to healthy controls, these patients have higher infections propensity of variable severity. The factors behind these variations are unknown. We compared immunological profiles of del22q11.2 Syndrome patients with and without thymectomy to establish its effect in the immune profile.

Methods

Forty-six del22q11.2 syndrome patients from 1 to 16 years old, 19 of them with partial or total thymectomy were included. Heart disease type, heart surgery, infections events and thymus resection were identified. Immunoglobulin levels, flow cytometry for lymphocytes subpopulations and TREC levels were determined, and statistical analyses were performed.

Results

The thymectomy group had a lower lymphocyte index, both regarding total cell count and when comparing age-adjusted Z scores. Also, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lower levels were observed in this group, the lowest count in those patients who had undergone thymus resection during the first year of life. Their TREC level median was 23.6/μL vs 16.1 μL in the non-thymus group (p = 0.22). No differences were identified regarding immunoglobulin levels or infection events frequencies over the previous year.

Conclusion

Patients with del22q11.2 syndrome subjected to thymus resection present lower lymphocyte and TREC indexes when compared to patients without thymectomy. This situation may be influenced by the age at the surgery and the time elapsed since the procedure.

https://ift.tt/2NlruwQ

Osteoprotegerin mediate RANK/RANKL signaling inhibition eases asthma inflammatory reaction by affecting the survival and function of dendritic cells

Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): X. Yang, X. Wang, M. Chi, M. Zhang, H. Shan, Q.-H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Shi, J.-Z. Zhang, R.-M. Wu, Y.-L. Li

Abstract

Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory, heterogeneous airway disease affecting millions of people around the world. Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered the most important antigen-presenting cell in asthma airway inflammatory reaction. But whether osteoprotegerin (OPG) mediate RANK/RANKL signaling inhibition influences asthma development by affecting the survival and function of DCs remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of OPG on DCs and asthma.

Material and methods

BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) were challenged thrice with an aerosol of OVA every second day for eight days. Dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg) or OPG (50 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to OVA-immunized BALB/c mice on day 24 once a day for nine days. Mice were analyzed for effects of OPG on asthma, inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine levels in lung tissue. The expression of RANK and β-actin was detected by Western Blot. DCs were isolated from mouse bone morrow. Cell survival was assessed by cell counting. The content of IL-12 was detected by ELISA.

Results

Results showed that OVA increased the number of inflammatory factors in BALF, elevated lung inflammation scores in mice. OPG reversed the alterations induced by OVA in the asthmatic mice. OPG inhibited the survival and function of DC via inhibition of RANK/RANKL signaling.

Conclusions

This research proved inhibition of RANK/RANKL signaling by OPG could ease the inflammatory reaction in asthma, providing new evidence for the application of OPG on asthma.

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Clinical Success of Dental Implants placed in posterior mandible augmented with interpositional block graft: 3-year results from a prospective cohort clinical study

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018

Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Simone Marconcini, Ugo Covani, Enrica Giammarinaro, Eugenio Velasco Ortega, Daniele De Santis, Fortunato Alfonsi, Antonio Barone

ABSTRACT

Purpose

The purpose of the present cohort study was to investigate the 3-year efficacy and clinical performance of implant-supported rehabilitations in posterior mandibles augmented with the sandwich osteotomy technique.

Methods

Twenty-three partially edentulous patients, who developed an atrophy of the posterior mandible with a residual ridge height between 3 and 7 mm, were treated (32 surgical sites) by means of vertical bone augmentation with interpositional equine cancellous bone blocks and porcine cortico-cancelluos bone particulate. All implants were placed 4 months after augmentation and were loaded with fixed dental prostheses. One side per patient was selected and followed up for 3 years, and the patient was the unit of analysis. Linear radiographic vertical bone gain and peri-implant marginal bone loss were assessed; secondary outcomes - complication rates after surgery, prosthesis/implant failure rates, width of keratinized mucosa, and patient satisfaction - were evaluated.

Results

All patients reported a post-operative paresthesia that recovered over a period of 2 months after augmentation procedure. The mean vertical bone gain was 5.6 mm after 4 months. Ninety-one dental implants were positioned into the augmented areas. The global 3-year survival rate was 95.5%. The mean peri-implant marginal bone loss around implants was 1.06 mm ± 0.37, 3 years after loading, whereas the width of keratinized mucosa had an overall increase of 0.39 ± 0.36 mm.

Conclusion

The results of the present 3-year study suggested high success rates for implants placed in areas augmented with the osteotomy sandwich technique. This surgical approach could be helpful in presence of a low residual vertical height in the posterior mandible prior to implant placement.

https://ift.tt/2zQOxvW

Perineurioma of the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018

Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Caleb M. Schadel, Craig W. Anderson, Angela C. Chi, Martin B. Steed

Abstract

A perineurioma is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor derived from perineurial cells. Based on clinical and pathologic features, perineuriomas can be classified into two major subtypes: intraneural perineurioma and the more common extraneural perineurioma. Both extraneural and intraneural perineuiomas are extremely rare in the oral cavity, and there have been only 38 reported cases (21 EPNs, 17 IPNs). In the current case, a 20-year-old male presented with a painless left dorsal tongue mass. Excisional biospy was performed, and a diagnosis of extraneural perineurioma was made based on microscopic examination with immunohistochemical analysis. 28 months later the patient presented again with concern for a recurrent lesion. Intraoral examination revealed a firm, non-ulcerated left dorsal tongue mass. Re-excision and microscopic examination with immunohistochemical analysis again confirmed the diagnosis of an extraneural perineurioma. In this paper, we present an unusual case of extraneural perineurioma that arose in the tongue and potentially recurred, although the possibility of persistence versus true recurrence exists. In addition, we review the clinicopathologic characteristics of previously reported cases of oral perineurioma.

https://ift.tt/2QqVd9x

Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphatic vessel density and mast cells in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018

Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Rodrigo Porpino Mafra, Marianna Sampaio Serpa, Kenio Costa de Lima, Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira, Lélia Batista de Souza, Leão Pereira Pinto

Summary

The aim of this study was to analyze lymphangiogenesis and the presence of mast cells in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), correlating the findings with clinicopathological parameters (clinical stage, tumor size, nodal metastasis, histological grade of malignancy, local recurrence, and clinical outcome). Fifty-six cases of primary OTSCC were selected. Lymphatic vessels and mast cells were identified by immunostaining with anti-podoplanin (D2-40) and anti-tryptase antibody, respectively. Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and mast cell density (MCD) were determined in the intratumoral and peritumoral areas. Intratumoral LVD was higher in advanced clinical stages (III/IV) when compared to early-stage (p=0.017) and in metastatic cases compared to non-metastatic tumors (p=0.013). Peritumoral LVD and intratumoral or peritumoral MCD did not differ significantly according to the clinicopathological parameters of OTSCCs (p>0.05). No significant correlations between LVD and MCD were observed at the intratumoral (r=-0.014; p=0.918) or peritumoral level (r=0.156; p=0.251). Our findings suggest that intratumoral lymphatic vessels, compared to peritumoral lymphatic vessels, appear to be more related to the progression of OTSCC. MCD alone does not seem to be determinant for lymphangiogenesis or for the biological behavior of OTSCC, indicating multiple pro- and antitumor effects of these inflammatory cells.

https://ift.tt/2Qsgpfi

Evaluation of the styloid process in a Sri Lankan population using digital panoramic radiographs

Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018

Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

Author(s): Pilana Vithanage Kalani Shihanika Hettiarachchi, Rasika Manori Jayasinghe, Manil Christopher Fonseka, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe, Chinthani Deepthi Nanayakkara

Abstract

Objective

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the normal radiographic length of the styloid process (SP), prevalence and type of elongation, and angulation of the styloid process in relation to sex and side on digital panoramic radiographs in a Sri Lankan population.

Methods

A total of 100 digital panoramic images selected from the database at the Division of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka were evaluated for the radiological features of the styloid process. Lengths greater than 30 mm were consider as elongated. Elongated styloid processes were also classified into three types based on Langlais classification (elongated, pseudo articulated; and segmented).

Results

The mean radiological length of the SP on the right and left side was 25.8 mm ± 7.5 mm and 23.2 mm ± 9.0 mm respectively. The prevalence of elongated styloid process in males and female were 34.9% and 24.6%. The maximum length observed on right and left sides were 43.2 mm and 41 mm respectively. However, the differences between the genders and the sides were statistically not significant (P = 0.199). The most frequently observed type of elongation was type I (elongated) according to the Langlais classification.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable knowledge of the anatomical variations of the SP which may help clinicians from various specialties to diagnose the Eagle syndrome.

https://ift.tt/2IDz9Wq