Contribution of Hyoid and Tonsillar Procedures to Outcome in Multilevel Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Background/Objective: In multilevel surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the contribution of distinct operative steps is still unclear. The aim of the present study is to retrospectively compare different combinations of multilevel surgeries in order to estimate the contribution of hyoid and tonsillar procedures to the outcome. Methods: A total of 45 patients were selected in a retrospectively matched case-control study from a database of patients who underwent surgery for OSA at our institution: group A (n = 15) had hyoid suspension, tonsillectomy, and radiofrequency-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (RAUP); group B (n = 15) had hyoid pharyngoplasty with resection of the hyoid body and preepiglottic fat tissue, tonsillectomy, and RAUP; and group C (n = 15) had hyoid suspension and RAUP but no tonsillectomy, because the tonsils had already been removed. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was defined as the primary outcome measure. Results: The postoperative AHI significantly improved in groups A and B, in which all patients had a tonsillectomy. However, the improvement in the patients of group C, who had no tonsillectomy, was not significant (p = 0.08). Conclusion: The patients having undergone multilevel surgery without tonsillectomy showed significantly poorer postoperative results, suggesting that the effectiveness of hyoid procedures at the level of the hypopharynx may be limited. However, removal of the tonsils is a major predictive factor for postoperative success.
ORL 2016;78:353-360

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