The Global Burden of Melanoma: Results from Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Abstract

Background

Despite recent improvements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, vast differences in melanoma burden still exist between populations. Comparative data can highlight these differences and lead to focused efforts to reduce the burden of melanoma.

Objectives

To assess global, regional, and national melanoma incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study.

Methods

Vital registration system and cancer registry data were used for melanoma mortality modeling. Incidence and prevalence were estimated using separately modeled mortality-to-incidence (MI) ratios. Total prevalence was divided into four disease phases and multiplied with disability weights to generate years lived with disability (YLDs). Deaths in each age group were multiplied with the reference life expectancy to generate years of life lost (YLLs). YLDs and YLLs were added to estimate DALYs.

Results

The five world regions with the greatest melanoma incidence, DALY, and mortality rates were Australasia, North America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Central Europe. With the exception of regions in sub-Saharan Africa, DALY and mortality rates were greater in males than females. DALY rate by age was highest in those aged 75-79 years, 70-74 years, and 80+ years.

Conclusions

The greatest burden from melanoma falls on Australasian, North American, European, elderly, and male populations, consistent with previous investigations. These substantial disparities in melanoma burden worldwide highlight the need for aggressive prevention efforts. GBD results can help shape melanoma research and public policy.

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