Increased oral inflammation, leukocytes, and leptin, and lower adiponectin in overweight or obesity

Objectives

The association between body mass index (BMI) and oral diseases was investigated, and levels of obesity-related inflammatory mediators were evaluated.

Subjects and Methods

Participants (n = 160) were clinically and radiographically examined for oral diseases. Blood profiles were recorded. Levels of adiponectin, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.

Results

One hundred and thirteen (70.6%) participants had overweight or obese status (BMI ≥ 23.0 kg/m²). Sum of dental diseases and severe periodontitis were higher in overweight or obese individuals than in normal-weight participants (p = .037 and p = .002, respectively). A significant difference in oral mucosal disorders between normal weight and overweight or obesity was not found. Plasma leukocyte counts, liver enzymes, leptin, and CRP levels were increased while adiponectin levels were decreased in individuals with BMI≥23.0 kg/m² compared with normal-weight participants. After adjusting for age, sex, fasting plasma glucose level, smoking, and exercise, obesity was associated with sum of dental diseases (ß = 0.239, p = .013), severe periodontitis (OR=4.52; 95% CI 1.37, 14.95, p = .013), adiponectin (ß = –0.359, p < .001), leptin (ß = 0.630, p < .001), and CRP levels (OR=12.66; 95% CI 3.07, 52.21, p < .001).

Conclusion

Overweight or obese Thai people were related to an increase in inflammatory dental and periodontal diseases with an altered health profile and plasma inflammatory mediators.

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