Interdisciplinary Treatment Algorithm for Facial Arteriovenous High-flow Malformations and Review of the Literature

High-flow arteriovenous malformations (HF-AVMs) are congenital vascular malformations. Typical localizations include the face, oral cavity, and extremities.Due to the high recurrence rate of AVM after incomplete resection or embolization, a combination of both therapeutic modalities has become the preferred choice of treatment. Therefore, we have developed an interdisciplinary therapeutic treatment algorithm for facial HF-AVM and performed a systematic review of the literature.

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