Validation of Haptic Properties of Materials for Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Simulation

To the Editor In the field of rhinology and skull base surgery, many 3-dimensionally (3D)-printed simulators have been described. In their study, Hsieh and colleagues consider a material, VeroWhite, for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgical model 3D-printing. The aim was to study the anatomical accuracy and haptic feedback of the model to validate its use for surgical learning. Its anatomical accuracy was scientifically determined, thanks to a double comparison: segmentation of real patient anatomy compared with segmentation of the 3D-printed model; image-guided navigation on the model using the patient's original computed tomographic (CT) findings, to assess the accuracy of 13 important surgical landmarks. The authors concluded that VeroWhite was suitable to print accurate anatomical 3D models of the skull base and sinuses.

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