Oral symptoms and oral health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease from predialysis to posttransplantation

Abstract

Objective

This prospective follow-up cohort study analyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients' oral symptoms, health habits, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), from predialysis to posttransplantation. A simplified questionnaire method (Oral Health Quality Score, OHQS), based on these and clinical findings, was constructed and tested for identifying patients in need for referral to a dentist.

Material and methods

Fifty-three CKD patients were followed up for a mean of 10.3 years. Clinical oral, radiological, and salivary examination was performed at baseline and posttransplantation. Total Dental Index (TDI) indicating inflammation was calculated. The patients filled out a questionnaire on symptoms, oral hygiene and health care habits, smoking, alcohol use, and medication. General health-related quality of life was assessed with the 15-dimensional (15D) instrument at posttransplantation. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in statistics.

Results

OHQS significantly correlated with high TDI (p = 0.017), number of teeth (p = 0.031), and unstimulated salivary flow rate (p = 0.001) in transplanted patients. Number of daily medications showed a negative correlation with the OHQS (r = − 0.30; p = 0.028). The prevalence of oral symptoms was slightly, but not significantly, more common posttransplantation compared with predialysis stage.

Conclusion

OHQS identified patients with high oral inflammatory score thus confirming our study hypothesis.

Clinical relevance

Use of OHQS and measuring salivary flow indicate patients at risk for oral diseases. These markers might be easy to use chair-side also by auxiliary personnel.

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