Understanding the Learning Disabilities Linked to Sagittal Craniosynostosis

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate further findings that corroborate similarities between corrected sagittal craniosynostosis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ultimate aim is to understand whether treatment of ADHD was appropriate for patients with corrected craniosynostosis or whether different treatment and strategies were needed compared to patients with ADHD. Methods: A total of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 10 sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNSC), 10 ADHD-combined, and 10 control adolescents were studied. The fMRI scans were analyzed utilizing Statistical Parametric Mapping (University College London, UK) and analyzed with BioImageSuite (Yale University, New Haven, CT). Results: The ADHD has lower connectivity to Brodmann area (BA) 11 (Montreal Neurological Institution [MNI]: −12,26,−21), BA20 (MNI: 62,−24,−25), and BA21 (MNI: 62,−32,−23) compared to sNSC and controls (P 

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