Image Guidance in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Where Are We Heading?

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this review is to identify new developments in image guided surgery (IGS) for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), with a focus on how these innovations will serve to aid the endoscopic sinus surgeon.

Findings

Several developments in both the software and hardware of IGS systems have been introduced or are under development. These include augmented reality and three-dimensional (3D) virtual endoscopy for integrating navigational and endoscopic images. Intraoperative registration can further improve the accuracy within a given operative field. Wireless instrumentation and consolidated IGS workstations can improve operating room logistics. IGS integrated robotic surgery can enhance surgical precision and automate critical portions of the procedure. Emerging evidence suggests that IGS is useful for the avoidance of complications in ESS and improving surgeon workload.

Summary

Numerous developments in IGS for ESS will serve to aid the endoscopic sinus surgeon in avoiding complications and improving patient outcomes.

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