The Evolution of Endoscopic Intracranial Surgeries

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The challenging surgical field of endoscopic skull base surgery has undergone tremendous advancement in the past years. The aim of this review was to discuss the important factors that contributed to the evolution of this exciting field.

Recent Findings

Endoscopic skull base surgery started with pituitary surgeries and closure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. As the field progresses, it is now possible to operate on selected lesions located in areas ranging from the cribriform plate down to the second cervical vertebra and laterally to the infratemporal fossa and petrous apex. The key factors that contributed to the evolution of endoscopic intracranial surgeries include the development of modern endoscopy equipment, advancement of endoscopic anatomy knowledge, and improvement in skills to perform endoscopic surgical resection, reconstruction, and hemostasis.

Summary

Extended endonasal approaches can provide skull base surgeons with safe and effective access to the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae in selected cases.

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