Publication date: Available online 1 February 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Mikel Landa, Idoia Palicio, Leire Álvarez, Zuriñe Martínez
Introducción y objetivosLa disfonía es un problema frecuente en los niños, especialmente en edad escolar. La exploración de las cuerdas vocales suele ser más difícil y menos precisa que en los adultos. La lesión que más a menudo encontramos en niños con disfonía crónica son los nódulos vocales, seguido de los quistes epidermoides y de las demás lesiones congénitas, como sulcus y puente mucoso. El tratamiento es multidisciplinar y se basa fundamentalmente en rehabilitación vocal. Indicamos tratamiento quirúrgico en niños mayores de 9 años en los que persiste el problema tras la rehabilitación, sobre todo si sospechamos una lesión congénita de la cuerda vocal.MétodosPresentamos un estudio retrospectivo de la fonocirugía infantil realizada en nuestro hospital durante 9 años (2005-2013). Se incluye a 51 niños, con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y los 16 años. Analizamos la distribución de las diferentes lesiones, tanto congénitas como adquiridas. Evaluamos los resultados mediante la valoración subjetiva de los familiares de los niños intervenidos.ResultadosObtuvimos una distribución del 76% (n=39) de lesiones congénitas y un 24% (n=12) de lesiones adquiridas. Encontramos un porcentaje global de mejoría tras la cirugía del 90%, con mejores resultados en los nódulos vocales, aunque sin alcanzar significación estadística.ConclusionesLa valoración de los resultados de esta cirugía es controvertida y en este estudio se hace con una única pregunta a los familiares. Encontramos un resultado global de mejoría en el 90% de los casos intervenidos, sin ninguna complicación. Tenemos mejores resultados con los nódulos vocales, aunque no alcanzan significación estadística.Introduction and objectivesDysphonia is a common problem in children, especially those of school age. Exploration of vocal folds is often difficult and less accurate in children. The most frequent lesions found in children with chronic dysphonia are vocal nodules, followed by epidermoid cysts and other congenital lesions, such as sulci and mucosal bridges. The treatment is multidisciplinary and it is fundamentally based on vocal rehabilitation. We indicate surgical treatment in children older than 9 years of age for whom the problem persists after rehabilitation, especially if we suspect a congenital lesion of the vocal fold.MethodsWe present a retrospective study of paediatric phonosurgery performed by the Vocal Pathology Unit of our Hospital over a period of 9 years (2005-2013). Fifty-one children were included, ranging in age from 9 to 16 years old. We analyzed the distribution of the different lesions, both congenital and acquired. We evaluated the results by subjective evaluation by the children's relatives.ResultsWe obtained a distribution of 76% (n=39) of congenital lesions and 24% (n=12) of acquired lesions. After surgery, there was a global percentage of improvement of 90%, with better results in cases of vocal nodules, without statistical significance.ConclusionsThe evaluation of the results of this surgery is controversial and in this study is done with a single question survey administered to relatives. We found an overall result of improvement in 90% of operated cases, without any complications. We obtained better results in vocal nodules, although not reaching statistical significance.
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