Publication date: Available online 17 July 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): P. Charlier, F. Bou Abdallah, Y. Mostefai Dulac, S. Deo, S. Jacqueline, L. Brun, C. Hervé
ContexteL'accueil actuellement en pleine croissance de réfugiés d'origine proche-orientale et d'Afrique orientale (Soudan, Darfour, Érythrée) expose le médecin clinicien (et notamment le médecin légiste) à l'observation de lésions cutanées atypiques, majoritairement de nature traumatique, mais pouvant s'ajouter à des lésions anciennes en rapport avec des pratiques ethniques.ObservationOn présente ici un cas de séquelles de torture chez un patient originaire du Darfour (Soudan) : à plusieurs reprises, des incisions cutanées auraient été pratiquées sur des scarifications anciennes.DiscussionLa présentation clinique des lésions de scarification et celle des plaies cicatrisées de façon atypique (vraisemblablement un effet de l'inflammation suscitée par l'introduction de corps étrangers irritants : sable, sel, etc.) est nettement différente : dans tous les cas, elle indique une chronologie relative des faits que le médecin clinicien ne devra pas ignorer pour reconstituer le parcours du patient et les coups et blessures auxquels il aura été soumis (d'où l'appellation proposée de « cicatrice palimpseste », au sens où le palimpseste est un manuscrit dont le parchemin, préalablement inscrit, a été gratté pour y écrire de nouveau). Ainsi, une « cicatrice palimpseste » constituerait une nouvelle cicatrice sur et pour cacher une autre cicatrice (rituelle) dans un contexte d'épuration ethnique. L'importance diagnostique et clinique vient de l'importance de bien différencier les lésions de type ethnique et celles induites par des violences et sévices corporels en contexte de guerre.BackgroundAs a result of the current exponentially growing refugee population from the Middle-East and East Africa (Sudan, Darfur, Eritrea), clinicians (including forensic pathologists) are seeing atypical skin lesions, mainly of a traumatic nature, but in some cases associated with long-standing lesions related to ethnic practices.Patients and methodsA case of torture sequelae is presented herein in a patient originally from Darfur (Sudan): cutaneous incisions were made on old scars several times using a knife.DiscussionThe clinical presentation of scarification lesions and that of atypically healed wounds (presumably an effect of inflammation induced by the introduction of irritating foreign bodies such as sand, salt, etc.) are completely different: in all cases they indicate a relative timeframe of the facts, which the clinician should not overlook in reconstructing the patient's course and the injuries to which he has been subjected (hence the proposed designation of "palimpsest scar", in the sense that a palimpsest is a manuscript on a parchment that previously contained writing but has been scratched clean to be overwritten). Thus, a "palimpsest scar" constitutes a fresh scar on top of and hiding another (ritual) scar in a context of ethnic cleansing. The diagnostic and clinical significance comes from the importance of differentiating between ethnic-type lesions and those induced by physical violence and abuse in a context of war.
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