Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Javier Chinen, Yousef Badran, Raif S. Geha, Janet S. Chou, Ari J. Fried
Advances in basic immunology in 2016 included studies that further characterized the role of different proteins in the differentiation of effector T cells and B cells, including cytokines and proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton. The regulation of granule formation and secretion in cytotoxic cells was also further described by examining patients with familial hemophagocytic lymphohystiocytosis. The role of prenylation in mevalonate kinase deficiency leading to inflammation has been established. We reviewed advances in clinical immunology as well as new approaches of whole genome sequencing and genes newly reported to be associated with immunodeficiency, such as linker of activation of T cells (LAT), B cell lymphoma 11B (BCL11B), RLTPR, moesin and JAK1. Trials of Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation and gene therapy for primary immunodeficiency have had relative success; the use of autologous viral specific cytotoxic T cells has proven effective. New medications are being explored, such as pioglitazone and its role in enhancing the oxidative burst in chronic granulomatous disease. Development of vaccines for HIV infection continues to provide insight into the immune response against a virus with an extraordinary mutation rate.
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