Publication date: Available online 27 February 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): C. Velter, P. Caussade, J.-P. Fricker, B. Cribier
IntroductionLe syndrome de Lynch (SL) est un syndrome de prédisposition génétique à certains cancers qui associe chez un même individu, ou dans un contexte familial, une tumeur viscérale principalement colo-rectale avec un risque élevé d'autres cancers synchrones ou métachrones. Le SL est lié à des mutations de gènes codant pour des protéines du système de réparation de l'ADN. Il existe des variantes phénotypiques du SL, dont le syndrome de Muir-Torre (SMT) et le syndrome de Turcot (ST), qui prédisposent tous deux au cancer colo-rectal. Ils se distinguent par l'association de tumeurs sébacées bénignes ou malignes pour le SMT et de tumeurs du système nerveux central pour le ST.ObservationUn homme de 59 ans, ayant pour antécédent un cancer colique droit à l'âge de 36 ans, consultait pour une lésion du nez dont l'examen histopathologique révélait un carcinome sébacé. Une étude en immunohistochimie montrait une perte d'expression des protéines MSH2 et MSH6, suggérant fortement le diagnostic de SMT. Son fils avait développé 8 ans auparavant un glioblastome mortel ; le phénotype paternel de SMT rendait probable l'hypothèse d'un ST chez le fils.DiscussionCette observation suggère que plusieurs variantes du syndrome de Lynch peuvent être observées dans une même famille. La question du dépistage des tumeurs cérébrales chez les patients atteints d'un SMT et leurs apparentés est soulevée par ce cas, même s'il n'y a pas de recommandation allant en ce sens. Les recommandations actuelles consistent principalement en une surveillance digestive et gynécologique.IntroductionLynch syndrome (LS) is a syndrome that carries a genetic predisposition to certain cancers associating, either in a single individual or in a family, a visceral tumour, mainly colorectal, with a high risk of other synchronous or metachronous cancers. LS is linked with mutations in the genes coding for proteins in the DNA repair system. Phenotypic variants of SL exist, including Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) and Turcot syndrome (TS), both of which predispose to colorectal cancer. They may be distinguished by the presence of benign or malignant sebaceous tumours in MTS, and tumours of the central nervous system in TS.Patients and methodsA 59-year-old man, with a history of right colon cancer at the age of 36 years, consulted for a nose lesion shown by histopathological examination to be a sebaceous tumour. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss of expression of proteins MSH2 and MSH6, strongly suggesting a diagnosis of MTS. Eight years earlier, the man's son had developed a fatal glioblastoma; given the paternal phenotype of MTS, the hypothesis of TS in the son is probable.DiscussionThis case suggests that several variants of Lynch syndrome may be seen within the same family. It raises the issue of screening for cerebral tumours in patients with MTS and in their family members, even though such a recommendation does not exist; current recommendations in fact consist primarily of gastrointestinal and gynaecological monitoring.
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Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
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Τρίτη 28 Φεβρουαρίου 2017
Syndrome de Muir-Torre et syndrome de Turcot
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