A fundamental understanding of the unusual properties of water remains elusive because of the limited data at the temperatures and pressures needed to decide among competing theories. We investigated the structural transformations of transiently heated supercooled water films, which evolved for several nanoseconds per pulse during fast laser heating before quenching to 70 kelvin (K). Water’s structure relaxed from its initial configuration to a steady-state configuration before appreciable crystallization....
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
As rates of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases decline across Europe owing to nonpharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing policies and lockdown measures, countries require guidance on how to ease restrictions while minimizing the risk of resurgent outbreaks. We use mobility and case data to quantify how coordinated exit strategies could delay continental resurgence and limit community transmission of COVID-19. We find that a resurgent continental epidemic could occur as many...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
The 90S preribosome is a large, early assembly intermediate of small ribosomal subunits that undergoes structural changes to give a pre-40S ribosome. Here, we gained insight into this transition by determining cryo–electron microscopy structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae intermediates in the path from the 90S to the pre-40S. The full transition is blocked by deletion of RNA helicase Dhr1. A series of structural snapshots revealed that the excised 5' external transcribed spacer (5' ETS) is degraded...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
Plastic pollution is a pervasive and growing problem. To estimate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce plastic pollution, we modeled stocks and flows of municipal solid waste and four sources of microplastics through the global plastic system for five scenarios between 2016 and 2040. Implementing all feasible interventions reduced plastic pollution by 40% from 2016 rates and 78% relative to "business as usual" in 2040. Even with immediate and concerted action, 710 million metric tons of plastic...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
Binary interactions dominate the evolution of massive stars, but their role is less clear for low- and intermediate-mass stars. The evolution of a spherical wind from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star into a nonspherical planetary nebula (PN) could be due to binary interactions. We observed a sample of AGB stars with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and found that their winds exhibit distinct nonspherical geometries with morphological similarities to planetary nebulae (PNe)....
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to accelerated efforts to develop therapeutics and vaccines. A key target of these efforts is the spike (S) protein, which is metastable and difficult to produce recombinantly. We characterized 100 structure-guided spike designs and identified 26 individual substitutions that increased protein yields and stability. Testing combinations of beneficial substitutions resulted in the identification of HexaPro, a variant with six beneficial proline...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. There are no approved vaccines or therapeutics for treating COVID-19. Here we report a humanized monoclonal antibody, H014, that efficiently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV pseudoviruses as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2 at nanomolar concentrations by engaging the spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD). H014 administration...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
More than 90% of the energy trapped on Earth by increasingly abundant greenhouse gases is absorbed by the ocean. Monitoring the resulting ocean warming remains a challenging sampling problem. To complement existing point measurements, we introduce a method that infers basin-scale deep-ocean temperature changes from the travel times of sound waves that are generated by repeating earthquakes. A first implementation of this seismic ocean thermometry constrains temperature anomalies averaged across a...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
Plastic pollution is a planetary threat, affecting nearly every marine and freshwater ecosystem globally. In response, multilevel mitigation strategies are being adopted but with a lack of quantitative assessment of how such strategies reduce plastic emissions. We assessed the impact of three broad management strategies, plastic waste reduction, waste management, and environmental recovery, at different levels of effort to estimate plastic emissions to 2030 for 173 countries. We estimate that 19...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
Associations between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the gut microbiota have been postulated, yet questions remain about the underlying mechanisms. In humans, dietary protein increases gut bacterial production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), indole, and indoxyl sulfate. The latter are uremic toxins, and H2S has diverse physiological functions, some of which are mediated by posttranslational modification. In a mouse model of CKD, we found that a high sulfur amino acid–containing diet resulted in posttranslationally...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
Urban areas are dynamic ecological systems defined by interdependent biological, physical, and social components. The emergent structure and heterogeneity of urban landscapes drives biotic outcomes in these areas, and such spatial patterns are often attributed to the unequal stratification of wealth and power in human societies. Despite these patterns, few studies have effectively considered structural inequalities as drivers of ecological and evolutionary outcomes and have instead focused on indicator...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
Although many molecular mechanisms controlling developmental processes are evolutionarily conserved, the speed at which the embryo develops can vary substantially between species. For example, the same genetic program, comprising sequential changes in transcriptional states, governs the differentiation of motor neurons in mouse and human, but the tempo at which it operates differs between species. Using in vitro directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to motor neurons, we show that the program...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
The formation of the human brain, which contains nearly 100 billion neurons making an average of 1000 connections each, represents an astonishing feat of self-organization. Despite impressive progress, our understanding of how neurons form the nervous system and enable function is very fragmentary, especially for the human brain. New technologies that produce large volumes of high-resolution measurements—big data—are now being brought to bear on this problem. Single-cell molecular profiling methods...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
Inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that play key roles in immune surveillance. This is accomplished by the activation of inflammatory caspases, which leads to the proteolytic maturation of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and pyroptosis. Here, we show that nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain–containing protein 3 (NLRP3)- and pyrin-mediated inflammasome assembly, caspase activation, and IL-1β conversion occur at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Furthermore, the...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 20:40
The paradox of stasis -- the unexpectedly slow evolution of heritable traits under direct selection -- has been widely documented in the last few decades. This paradox is often particularly acute for body size, which is often heritable and where positive associations of size and fitness are frequently identified, but constraints to the evolution of larger body sizes are often not obvious. Here, we identify a trade-off between survival and size-dependent reproduction in Soay sheep (\textit{Ovis aries}),...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 03:00
The three anterior-most segments in arthropods contain the ganglia that make up the arthropod brain. These segments, the pre-gnathal segments, are known to exhibit many developmental differences to other segments, believed to reflect their divergent morphology. We have analyzed the expression and function of the genes involved in the segment-polarity network in the pre-gnathal segments compared with the trunk segments in the hemimetabolous insect Oncopeltus fasciatus. We show that there are fundamental...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 03:00
Current research suggests that more complex life-forms, including humans, evolved from a symbiosis event between bacteria and another single-celled organism known as archaea. However, evidence of a transition period in which the two organisms mixed where nowhere to be found. That is, until now. In the deep waters of the Black Sea, a team of scientists found microbes that can make membrane lipids of unexpected origin.
Thu Sep 17, 2020 17:53
The role of α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been questioned in recent years due to its low sensitivity and specificity. In addition to AFP, several new serum biomarkers, such as lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3) and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), have also been identified as useful HCC serological markers. However, the exact diagnostic value of the combinations of these biomarkers for detecting HCC in patients...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 09:35
The aim of this study was to observe the expression of miR-9, miR-21, miR-27b, and miR-34a related with E6/E7 in HPV16-, HPV52-, and HPV58-infected cervical cancer patients and explore their possible role in cervical cancer with HPV infection. The expression levels of 4 miRNAs were detected in cervical exfoliated cells using qRT-PCR. In the current study, miR-34a expression was significantly upregulated in HPV-positive cervical cancer compared with the HPV-negative healthy population and HPV-positive...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 10:50
In-stent restenosis (ISR) is one of the main complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty, and microRNAs participate in the contractile-to-synthetic phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells, a hallmark of restenosis development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be released into circulation from injured tissues, enticing a potential role as noninvasive biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate circulating levels of miRNA-23b, miRNA-143, and miRNA-145 as diagnostic markers of ISR. 142...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 10:50
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one kind of intestinal chronic inflammatory disease, is characterized by colonic epithelial barrier injury, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and fewer short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present study is aimed at testing the hypothesis that resistant maltodextrin (RM), a soluble dietary fiber produced by starch debranching, alleviated dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice with or without oral administration of 50 mg/kg...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 17:20
Publication date: December 2020Source: NeuroImage, Volume 223Author(s): Pilyoung Kim, Rebekah Tribble, Aviva K. Olsavsky, Alexander J. Dufford, Andrew Erhart, Melissa Hansen, Leah Grande, Daniel M. Gonzalez
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:08
Publication date: December 2020Source: NeuroImage, Volume 223Author(s): Liming Zhong, Tengfei Li, Hai Shu, Chao Huang, Jason Michael Johnson, Donald F Schomer, Ho-Ling Liu, Qianjin Feng, Wei Yang, Hongtu Zhu
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:08
No abstract available
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Background Although there is much interest in social media about topical steroid withdrawal, little is known about what happens to people who cease long-term topical steroid use. Objective The aim of this study was to examine outcomes in adults with a history of atopic dermatitis who were concerned about topical steroid withdrawal and decided to stop using topical steroids. Methods Twenty-four participants were recruited from an Australian online support group, and they were emailed...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Background Moisturizers possibly improve atopic dermatitis (AD) by restoration of skin barrier, although some have detrimental effects. Objective The aim of the study was to estimate the effects of several routine moisturizers on barrier functions. Methods This is a randomized, forearm-controlled, observer-blind study. Patients older than 12 years with clear to moderate AD were randomized to 1 of 4 moisturizers (Cetaphil Cream, Aveeno Eczema Therapy Moisturizing Cream, CeraVe Moisturizing...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin condition, negatively affects sexual health in various ways including causing physical discomfort and changes in physical appearance that can lead to low self-confidence. The chronic and debilitating nature of this disease can interfere with the sexual well-being of patients and their partners. This review describes the ways that AD affects sexual health. In addition, we review the impact that partnered relationships and physical intimacy can have...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Background The use of disinfectants is crucial to preventing the spread of nosocomial infections in health care workers. As many as 25 applications of hand disinfectants is a realistic default value during a working day. However, alcohol-based hand disinfectants may weaken skin barrier function and induce dryness and eczema, which decrease their acceptance. Objective To evaluate the effect of ethanol-containing disinfectants with 5% urea on skin barrier function and on sensitivity to an irritant...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis presenting with inflamed and itchy skin. Recent studies have shown an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and the severity of AD. Low socioeconomic status (LSES) individuals with AD face specific barriers that may impede management. These include forgoing doctor's appointments due to transportation costs, inability to take time off from work, and lack of affordable childcare services. Unaffordable medications and over-the-counter...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Allergic contact dermatitis is a prevalent burdensome condition affecting millions of Americans. Patch testing, the criterion-standard allergic contact dermatitis diagnostic tool, is underused by US dermatologists. Incorporating patch testing into modern dermatology practices is achievable with utilization of accurate resources and sustainable support. This review focuses on the basics of patch testing and provides practical pearls to assist novice providers in establishing a contact dermatitis specialty...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Consumer use of wearable health devices has been rapidly increasing. Because of prolonged skin contact required, allergic contact dermatitis to components has been reported. Eczematous rash is the most common dermatologic adverse reaction to continuous glucose monitors, and rash from wearable activity trackers is commonly reported by consumers, suggesting that allergic contact dermatitis to wearable health devices may be vastly underreported. Acrylates, methacrylates, and colophonium are the most...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Background The ideal patient-reported outcome measure to assess sleep disturbance in atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been determined. Objective We sought to determine the measurement properties of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Itch Questionnaire Mood and Sleep (PIQ-MS), Sleep Disturbance (SD), Sleep-Related Impairment (SRI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in adults with AD. Methods A prospective dermatology practice-based study was performed...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
The American Contact Dermatitis Society Core Allergen series was introduced in 2013 and updated in 2017. Changes in our recommended allergens are again necessary, taking into account data from the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Contact Allergen Management Program top 100 allergens from 2018. For the updated series, we removed methyldibromoglutaronitrile and added new haptens: Lyral, Limonene, Linalool, carmine, benzyl salicylate, disperse yellow 3, jasmine, peppermint, pramoxine, shellac,...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to conduct a network comparison of the clinical effect of connective tissue graft (CTG) substitutes on the treatment of gingival recessions using coronally advanced flap. Materials and methods An electronic search without language or dates restrictions was performed in five databases and in Grey literature...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:54
Abstract Objectives To identify the gene expression of the cytokines IL-9, TNF-α, IL-1, INF-γ, IL-17A, and IL-10 and the chemokines CCL-2/MCP-1 and CCR-6 in the periapical fluid of human root canal infections. Materials and methods Twenty samples were collected immediately and 7 days after the cleaning and shaping procedures (after reducing...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:54
Abstract Objective Ex-vivo evaluation of the detectability of vertical root fractures (VRFs) using digital subtraction radiography (DSR) and conventional digital periapical radiography (CDPR); investigation of the effect of root canal filling, x-ray angulation, and thickness of the VRF in the diagnostic accuracy. Materials and methods Sixty...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:54
Abstract Objectives We aimed to quantify the displacement of the proximal segment after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy in patients with class III asymmetry and evaluate if the displacement was related to the movement of the distal segment. Material and methods Forty adults with class III asymmetry corrected by bimaxillary surgery were studied....
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:54
Abstract Background Collagen scaffolds are widely used for guided bone or tissue regeneration. Aiming to enhance their regenerative properties, studies have loaded various substances onto these scaffolds. This review aims to provide an overview of existing literature which conducted in vitro, in vivo, and clinical testing of drug-loaded collagen scaffolds and analyze their outcome of promoting oral regeneration. ...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:54
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to test the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) crème, or MI Paste™ (MIP), on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The experiment utilized S. mutans biofilm assays with varying concentrations of nicotine and MIP aqueous concentrate levels. First hand exposure to nicotine has been demonstrated to significantly increase S. mutans biofilm formation,...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:54
Abstract Objective An important factor in the assessment of caries risk is the presence of specific oral microflora, especially Streptococcus mutans. Some S. mutans strains possess proteins capable of binding collagen, such as the Cnm and Cbm proteins. The aim is to determine the presence of S. mutans strains carrying collagen binding proteins in a group of subjects with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). ...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 22:54
Transfer hydrogenation (TH) has historically been dominated by Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) reactions. However, with growing interest in amine‐boranes, not least ammonia‐borane (H 3 N·BH 3 ), as potential hydrogen storage materials, these compounds have also started to emerge as an alternative reagent in TH reactions. In this review we discuss recent literature into TH chemistry using H 3 N·BH 3 and their analogues (amine‐boranes and metal amidoboranes) as sacrificial hydrogen donors. By...
Wed Sep 16, 2020 22:00
In contrast with the classic ion intercalation, halogens have been coupled with metal anodes in a single cell to develop novel rechargeable batteries on the basis of the extrinsic redox reactions. Since the commercial introduction of lithium‐iodine primary battery in 1972, the iodine‐based batteries exhibit high potential to match with high‐rate performance, large energy density, and good safety in comparison with other halogen‐based batteries. Along with the prosperous development of metal anodes...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 11:20
Azine containing biaryls are ubiquitous scaffolds in many areas of chemistry, and efficient methods for their synthesis are continually desired. Pyridine rings are prominent amongst these motifs. Transition metal catalysed cross‐coupling reactions have been widely used for their synthesis and functionalisation as they often provide a swift and tuneable route to related biaryl scaffolds. However, 2‐pyridine organometallics are capricious coupling partners and 2‐pyridyl boron reagents in particular...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 14:01
Two‐dimensional (2D) semiconducting boron nanosheets (few‐layer borophene) have been theoretically predicted, but their bandgap tunability has not been experimentally confirmed. In this study, hydroxyl‐functionalized borophene (borophene‐OH) with tunable bandgap was fabricated by liquid‐phase exfoliation using 2‐butanol solvent. Surface energy matching between boron and 2‐butanol produced smooth borophene, and the exposed unsaturated B sites generated by B‐B bond breaking during exfoliation coordinated...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 15:05
Coiled coils (CCs) are powerful supramolecular building blocks for biomimetic materials, increasingly used for their mechanical properties. Here, we introduce helix‐inducing macrocyclic constraints, so‐called staples, to tune thermodynamic and mechanical stability of CCs. We show that thermodynamic stabilization of CCs against helix uncoiling primarily depends on the number of staples, whereas staple positioning controls CC mechanical stability. Inserting a covalent lactam staple at one key force...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 15:35
Drug‐Like Properties in Macrocycles above MW 1000: Backbone Rigidity versus Side‐Chain Lipophilicity
We present two isomeric macrocyclic peptide scaffolds that exhibit different solvent‐dependent conformational properties. Both scaffolds are highly rigid in low‐dielectric media; however, while one scaffold is also rigid in aqueous solution, the other is highly flexible in a high‐dielectric environment. These compounds offer a unique model system for studying the impact of “chameleonicity” on drug‐like properties. Abstract Large macrocyclic peptides can achieve surprisingly high membrane...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:31
A CuII‐responsive DNAzyme was rationally designed by incorporating one of the most stabilizing artificial metallobase pairs, a CuII‐mediated carboxyimidazole base pair (ImC‐CuII‐ImC), into a known RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme. The activity of the ImC‐modified DNAzyme can be effectively turned on and off specifically in response to CuII ions through the addition, removal, or reduction of CuII. Abstract DNAzymes are widely used as functional units for creating DNA‐based sensors and devices. Switching...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:32
A nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrocyanation of nonconjugated dienes involving a chain‐walking process has been developed. It proceeds through a tandem alkene isomerization followed by hydrocyanation and requires that the in‐situ‐generated hydride‐nickel‐cyano catalyst plays a dual role. By tuning both the alkene transposition and the asymmetric hydrocyanation processes, it can provide access to a broad range of allylic nitriles. Abstract Metal‐catalyzed chain‐walking reactions have recently...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:36
A chiral thioxanthone‐ or xanthone‐based sensitizer allows for the differentiation of cyclopropane enantiomers and for a photochemical deracemization (17 examples, up to 85 % ee). The key intermediate of this entropically disfavored process was identified by transient absorption spectroscopy to be a 1,3‐ diradical with a lifetime of τ=22 μs. Abstract The photochemical deracemization of spiro[cyclopropane‐1,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐ones (spirocyclopropyl oxindoles) was studied. The corresponding 2,2‐dichloro...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:42
Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced in mammals and regulates many critical cellular functions, including the response to disease. A ruthenium(II) vinyl probe is presented that allows rapid, selective and sensitive detection of endogenous CO in live mammalian cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. By exploiting fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the probe can also measure microscopic viscosity in live cells at the same time. Abstract A new family of robust, non‐toxic, water‐compatible...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:42
Mechanistic studies of photosensitized oxidation reactions have now been made easier. Using the unique field‐induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry method, the types of photosensitization and oxidation products of the substrates can now be identified with a single shot of sampling. Abstract While Type I and Type II photosensitizers are often carefully tailored to achieve their respective advantages in treating different cancers, the identifications of the Type I and II mechanisms...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:44
The advanced Pd/L11 system enables highly regioselective carbonylation of alkynols for synthesis of a wide range of 4‐membered α‐methylene‐β‐lactones. Abstract The first general and regioselective Pd‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation to give α‐methylene‐β‐lactones is reported. Key to the success for this process is the use of a specific sterically demanding phosphine ligand based on N‐arylated imidazole (L11) in the presence of Pd(MeCN)2Cl2 as pre‐catalyst. A variety of easily available alkynols...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:46
A multilayered perovskite ferroelectric, (EA)2(MA)2Pb3Cl10, was designed by 3D‐to‐2D dimensional reduction. The fascinating attributes including wide band gap and anisotropic optical absorbance, account for its polarization‐sensitive response in solar‐blind ultraviolet region. Abstract Polarized‐light detection in solar‐blind ultraviolet region is indispensable for optoelectronic applications, whereas new 2D candidates targeted at solar‐blind UV range remain extremely scarce. 2D hybrid...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:47
Hierarchically porous titanium‐porphyrinic aerogels (TPAs) facilitate rapid accessibility to guest molecules for adsorption or to catalytically active sites. The visible‐light‐responsive photocatalytic activity of TPAs was examined by monitoring the generation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative coupling of benzylamine to afford N‐benzylidenebenzylamine. Abstract We present novel titanium‐porphyrinic gels (TPGs) and titanium‐porphyrinic aerogels (TPAs), in which porphyrinic ligand...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:47
Ornithine‐containing peptides are known to be produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. We studied a new enzyme family from ribosomally synthesised and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) pathways that installs ornithine residues in ribosomal peptides. Peptide arginases represent a useful synthetic tool to access diverse ornithine peptides through RiPP technology. Abstract Ornithine is a component of many bioactive nonribosomal peptides but is challenging to incorporate into...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:48
A divergent photoorganocatalyzed controlled radical polymerization towards both linear and branched fluoropolymers has been developed, enabling topological control under metal‐free conditions driven by light. This method promotes the synthesis of fluoropolymers with low dispersity, a tunable degree of branching, and high chain‐end fidelity. Abstract Topology influences the properties and applications of polymers. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made to control topological structures....
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:49
A surface reconstruction is demonstrated on defect‐rich ultrathin Pd nanosheets during CO2 electroreduction. The pristine inactive basal surfaces are transformed into crumpled Pd(100)‐dominant active surfaces with reduced CO binding strength, promoting the CO2 conversion to CO with high selectivity and productivity. Abstract A surface reconstructing phenomenon is discovered on a defect‐rich ultrathin Pd nanosheet catalyst for aqueous CO2 electroreduction. The pristine nanosheets with dominant...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:51
A Pd1/α‐MoC catalyst with high mass loading could endure harsh reducing/reacting atmosphere up to 400 °C without any observable aggregation of single atoms. A pathway is thus provided to decouple the hydrogenation activity and stability of single‐atom catalysts. Abstract Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have shown superior activity and/or selectivity for many energy‐ and environment‐related reactions, but their stability at high site density and under reducing atmosphere remains unresolved....
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:52
Microfluidic vesicle traps were developed to trap and reversibly deform giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and in doing so manipulate membrane geometry and tension. We use these traps to show that filaments of the bacterial cytoskeletal protein FtsZ orientate themselves along the short axis of elongated GUVs and that membrane tension drives reversible FtsZ reorganization from filaments into rings, which facilitates membrane shape changes. Abstract The geometry of reaction compartments can...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:52
An exosome‐mimetic vesicle with reversible fusion and fission behaviors that can be controlled by a redox process was fabricated. This vesicle underwent a fusion process upon oxidation, while a fission process proceeded when reduced. Abstract The fusion and fission behaviors of exosomes are essential for the cell‐to‐cell communication. Developing exosome‐mimetic vesicles with such behaviors is of vital importance, but still remains a big challenge. Presented herein is an artificial supramolecular...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:53
Both metal‐organic frameworks and halide perovskites are important functional materials with significant scientific and industrial interest. The composite formed between these materials provides novel applications and synergistic functions. This Review introduces fundamental design principles and provides thoughts on future progress and key unanswered questions in this field. Abstract This Review examines how the intermarriage of perovskite and metal‐organic framework crystals brings new...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:53
This Review provides an overview of the field of organic–inorganic nanocomposites with a focus on materials that exhibit a significant degree of electronic coupling across the hybrid interface. The characteristic properties of these nanocomposites pave the way to potential optoelectronic applications in devices which exploit singlet fission, triplet energy harvesting, photon upconversion or hot charge carrier transfer. Abstract We review the field of organic–inorganic nanocomposites with...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:55
A general strategy for developing new cancer nanomedicines is proposed in this Minireview. Old drugs that have been applied for the treatment of other diseases can be repurposed, in the hope of accelerating the clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines. Abstract The high morbidity and mortality of cancer requires innovative therapeutics. Very recently, several old drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or currently undergoing clinical trials, such as 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose,...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:55
Mechanochemistry is demonstrated to be an effective and sustainable synthetic tool in the preparation of curved π‐materials with high electron affinity and a highly reversible nature of the electron‐transfer process. Abstract It is shown that corannulene‐based strained π‐surfaces can be obtained through the use of mechanochemical Suzuki and Scholl reactions. Besides being solvent‐free, the mechanochemical synthesis is high‐yielding, fast, and scalable. Therefore, gram‐scale preparation...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:57
By incorporating azobenzene photochromic units in the double functionalization of [60]fullerene, the regiochemistry of the double cyclopropanation reaction could be controlled by using either the E or the Z isomeric forms of the photoswitch. Once covalently linked to the C60 sphere, the azobenzene unit changes its light‐ and thermally‐induced isomerization properties. Abstract Multi‐functionalization and isomer‐purity of fullerenes are crucial tasks for the development of their chemistry...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:57
Selective regulation of multiple reaction pathways in complex chemical systems is crucial for modern syntheses. This Review presents strategies for activating such reactions in polymer and materials science, with an emphasis on systems activated via photochemical stimuli. Abstract Selective control of chemical reactions is critical for the proper regulation of processes ranging from intricate biological systems to large scale industrial manufacturing. The progression of synthetic chemistry...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 16:58
The first example of a MOF as a dual‐function material for templating and catalyzing the formation of monodispersed graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐CNQDs) under very mild conditions is reported. g‐CNQDs with tailorable sizes and properties can be prepared using this synthetic protocol, taking the advantages of the huge MOF family with tunable pore structures. Abstract Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐CNQDs) are highly promising photoresponsive materials. However, synthesis...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 17:04
Photoluminescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) has recently emerged as a promising technique for in vivo deep‐tissue imaging. However, it remains a challenge to design bright NIR‐II luminescent nanomaterials that enable efficient labelling of proteins without disturbing their physiological properties in vivo . Herein, we developed an efficient strategy to synthesize bright NIR‐II gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) protected by biocompatible cyclodextrin (CD). Leveraging on the...
Thu Sep 17, 2020 17:06
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