Abstract Purpose On T2-weighted images, most solid lesions exhibit nonspecific intermediate signal intensity, whereas most cystic lesions exhibit marked hyperintensity. In contrast, on T2-weighted images, a relatively small number of lesions exhibit hypointensity. This review aimed to differentiate, according to the histopathologic findings, head and neck lesions showing hypointensity on T2-weighted images. ...
Sat Jun 20, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether imaging features on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can differentiate sinonasal extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphomas (ENKTL) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods Consecutively, pathology-proven 59 patients with ENKTL and 27 patients with DLBCL in the sinonasal region were included...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jun 18, 2020 10:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Fri Jun 19, 2020 10:00
The continuing spread of SARS-CoV-2 remains a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. What physicians need to know about transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of Covid-19 is the subject of ongoing updates from infectious disease experts at the Journal. In this audio interview conducted…
Thu Jun 18, 2020 03:00
Objective The aim of the study is to retrospectively evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) findings, especially newly defined duodenal distension, for predicting the need to operate on small bowel obstruction (SBO) cases. Methods During a 51-month period, 228 patients (100 women and 128 men; mean age, 55 years) were included in this study, among 438 patients who were hospitalized with a prediagnosis of SBO. The final study population was then divided into 2 groups: a surgery group...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Purpose This study aimed to compare the feasibility, safety, diagnostic accuracy, and radiation dose between computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy (CTF)–guided and conventional CT (CCT)–guided lung biopsy. Methods Relevant articles up until February 2020 were identified within the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Diagnostic accuracy rate, pneumothorax, and pneumothorax requiring chest tube served as primary end points, with technical success, hemoptysis, operative time, and...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective The aim of the study was to study clinical, imaging findings, response patterns, and immune-related adverse events in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods A retrospective search was performed to identify patients with relapsed/refractory cHL and NHL treated with ICIs from 2015 to 2019. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Imaging studies were reviewed for treatment response and...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective The aim of the study was to assess non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)'s usefulness as a noninvasive method to evaluate tumor invasion depth, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis in cervical carcinoma (CC) patients. Methods Twenty-two consecutive patients with histologically confirmed CC were examined by 1.5-T MRI and non-Gaussian DKI with 4 b values of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2. Kurtosis (K), diffusivity (D), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective The aim of the study was to explore the value of enhanced computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics signature combined with clinical features in evaluating nuclear grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods One hundred one patients with ccRCC were classified into low- and high-grade group, and the data were divided into training set and verification set. Radiomics signatures were constructed in the training set in enhanced 3 stages and the combination of them. The...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Clinical use of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) has been well established for more than a decade. Improved software and decreased postprocessing time have increased the advantages and availability of DECT and DSCT imaging. In this article, we will provide a practical guide for implementation of DECT and DSCT in clinical practice and discuss automated processing and selection of CT protocols in neurologic, cardiothoracic, vascular, body, and musculoskeletal...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether left atrial (LA) volumes and function were associated with atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients without prior atrial fibrillation underwent clinical evaluation, echocardiograms, and cardiac computed tomography (CT) before CRT implantation and after 6 months. Left atrial volumes and LA emptying fraction (LAEF) were derived by CT images...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Purpose To evaluate tamoxifen-related endometrial changes in premenopausal female patients with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Methods This prospective study was performed on 71 premenopausal female patients (mean age, 41 years) who were receiving tamoxifen therapy. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging with DWI of the pelvis and hysteroscopic-guided endometrial biopsy. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the endometrial plate were calculated...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) versus PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) for T and N staging of hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods Integrated PET/MR and PET/CT examinations were performed in 20 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer after same-day single injection. Eleven of 20 patients underwent surgery with histologic findings directly compared with imaging findings. Statistical analysis included Spearman correlation and McNemar...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objectives Rectosigmoid involvement by endometriosis causes intestinal symptoms such as constipation, diarrhea, and dyschezia. A precise diagnosis about the presence, location, and extent of bowel implants is required to plan the most appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of magnetic resonance with distension of the rectosigmoid (MR-e) with computed colonography (CTC) for diagnosing rectosigmoid endometriosis. Methods This study was based on the retrospective...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Purpose of review Ocular allergies affect an estimated 40% of the population, 98% of which are because of allergic conjunctivitis. With the current advent of both repurposed drugs for ocular allergies, as well as novel drugs and methods of administration, there is a need for an updated review of current available medications. A clear characterization of each treatment will ultimately allow treating physicians to restore patients’ quality of life and decrease burden of disease. Recent findings...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Given the plethora of books devoted to orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty over the past four decades, it is intriguing to see a text that covers both domains of surgery. As the title begins with the adjective, “aesthetic”, it begs the question as to what additional information would be offered that has not already been covered in detail, given that facial balance has been a central aim of jaw surgery since its evolution and obviously, cosmesis in rhinoplasty has been paramount.
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive psychiatric and neurological deficits. Neurological symptoms include cognitive decline and dysphagia. Aspiration pneumonia secondary to dysphagia is a leading cause of death in NPC. Miglustat is currently the only approved disease-specific treatment shown to be effective in stabilizing neurological symptoms. Miglustat has previously been reported to...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Although barium swallow imaging is established in the investigation of Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD), no agreed measurement protocol exists. We developed a protocol for measuring ZD dimensions and aimed to correlate measurements with symptoms and post-operative outcomes. This prospective study included patients with confirmed ZD who underwent flexible endoscopic septal division (FESD) between 2014 and 2018. ZD was confirmed on barium radiology with measurements reviewed...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/a-1160-9833Thyroid hormone deficiency during crucial stages of development causes congenital hypothyroidism. This syndrome alters hypothalamic pathways involved in long-term bodyweight regulation as ObRb-STAT3 leptin signaling pathway, which is associated with metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to determine if thyroxine treatment during pregnancy and lactation in hypothyroid mothers...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 02:00
Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/a-1186-0841Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease. However, the treatment is limited. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects and safety of sitagliptin, a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4I), in treating NAFLD. Studies were sourced from electronic databases including PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 02:00
Physicians still lack consensus on the meaning of race. When the Journal took up the topic in 2003 with a debate about the role of race in medicine, one side argued that racial and ethnic categories reflected underlying population genetics and could be clinically useful. Others held that any small…
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to assess the association among nighttime sleep, daytime napping, total sleep duration (nighttime sleep plus daytime napping), and stroke in an elderly Chinese population. Methods Data were derived from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) with 4785 Chinese respondents over...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose To study neurochemical reactions to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in the hypoglossal nucleus (HN) of rats. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) were randomly divided into two groups (the CIH and the control group). The CIH rats were housed in a hypoxic chamber with the fraction of oxygen volume alternating between 21%...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for stroke. Furthermore, intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) is a marker for subclinical atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events. We investigated the association between the high risk for OSA and ICAC in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods We...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with hypertension, poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia. Usually, apnoea events tend to be more prominent during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than non-REM (NREM) sleep. We examined which SDB parameters are associated with blood pressure (BP), HbA1c and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). ...
Fri Jun 19, 2020 03:00
Genitourinary sarcoidosis is an uncommon entity, and testicular sarcoidosis is even rarer. We present a case of 66-year-old man who presented to our hospital as PUO (pyrexia of unknown origin) and later diagnosed as testicular sarcoidosis with the help of FDG PET/CT. Received for publication January 12, 2020; revision accepted April 10, 2020. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Girish Kumar Parida, MD, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT,...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
We report the case of a 23-year-old man with nodal EMH (extramedullary hematopoiesis) occurring during treatment for a stage IIA “gray-zone” lymphoma. Although it is often related to myeloproliferative bone marrow disease, benign etiologies such as lenograstim treatment after chemotherapy can also induce EMH and be responsible for false-positive 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations. In this respect, GLUT overexpression in hematopoietic lineages and macrophages of the inflammatory environment are responsible...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Purpose Physiological pancreaticoduodenal uptake of radiolabeled exendin-4 in Brunner glands of the proximal duodenum is the most common pitfall for false interpretation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) imaging. The aim of this study was to analyze the pancreaticoduodenal uptake in GLP-1R PET/CT and SPECT/CT images and to identify additional potential reading pitfalls in patients with suspected insulinoma. Methods A post hoc analysis of a prospective study, including 52...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Objective This study aims to investigate the value of 99mTc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT for assessment of whole-body tumor burden and treatment response in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer who undergo androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Methods A total of 125 patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer underwent 99mTc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT. All 364 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–positive lesions in the field of...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Perfusion lung scintigraphy using SPECT/CT is one mainstay in diagnosing pulmonary embolism. Although typically almost all tracer will be accumulated in the lung capillaries, occasionally abnormal uptake can be detected. As superior vena cava syndrome leads to aberrant blood flow, tracer injected to an arm vein might partly circumvent the pulmonary capillary bed and accumulate in well-perfused anatomical structures. In this case, next to the commonly described liver enhancement, more prominent pseudo-uptake...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Purpose The primary aim of this multicenter retrospective analysis is to examine the role of 18F-choline PET/CT as a diagnostic tool for staging and restaging prostate cancer (PCa) in a large population in the light of 10 years of clinical experience. A secondary aim of the study is to produce data on the predictors of a positive 18F-choline PET/CT result in the setting of PCa primaries and biochemical recurrences. Materials and Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study is...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Background CT-guided tissue sampling is a very effective tool. However, false-negative results are obtained when regions such as necrotic core or surrounding reactive fibrosis and inflammation are sampled. PET/CT-guided sampling can circumvent these limitations. Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of PET/CT-guided sampling in patients with at least 1 instance of failed or inconclusive CT-guided procedure and factors determining the accurate sampling and complications....
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
A 62-year-old woman was referred for cough and lower abdominal pain. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed strong uptake not only in the left lung mass and hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, but also a huge lower abdominal mass. All lesions were initially thought to be multiple metastases because bronchial biopsy of the lung mass showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, the abdominal mass was found to be malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after surgical resection. It was difficult to diagnose this case...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is rare and often advances by dissemination. Lungs are the most common metastatic sites, especially when the tumor originates in the right side of the heart. Bone metastases from cardiac angiosarcoma very rarely occur without concurrent pulmonary metastases. We report a case of cardiac angiosarcoma having prominent bone metastases without concurrent pulmonary lesions, as demonstrated by FDG PET/CT scan. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared....
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
A 67-year-old man experienced multiple cutaneous nodules for 3 weeks. His initial skin biopsy only showed local inflammation. However, after a 2-week anti-inflammation therapy, the skin manifestations were not improved while the leukocyte count gradually increased. FDG PET/CT revealed widespread cutaneous and subcutaneous hypermetabolic lesions in many parts of the body, and heterogeneously increased uptakes in the bone marrow. Bone marrow biopsy and second skin biopsy were performed. Pathological...
Wed Jun 17, 2020 03:00
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